Cat Scratch Fever
(Cat Scratch Disease)
Definition
Cat scratch fever is a bacterial infection you can get from being scratched or bitten by a cat, kitten, or sometimes a dog. This usually goes away without treatment. But it can become a serious condition that requires care from your doctor.
Causes
The bacteria that causes cat scratch fever is found in fleas. It is passed on to cats through flea bites. It is passed on to humans through a cat scratch or bite.
Risk Factors
The most common risk factor is being bitten or scratched from a cat or kitten.
Symptoms
- A crusting sore or blister that forms over the site of a cat scratch or bite
- Swollen, painful lymph nodes
- Low fever
- Flu-like symptoms such as weakness, nausea, chills, loss of appetite, and body aches
-
Some people may develop complications, such as a very high fever or pneumonia. Severe cases have caused infections of the brain (
encephalitis
), hepatitis, and even death.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. If you remember that you were bitten or scratched by a cat, your doctor may be able to diagnose the disease based on the fact that you were bitten or scratched, then got painful, swollen lymph nodes. Tests may include a blood test, especially if the diagnosis is not clear from the exam and medical history.
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best
treatment plan
for you. Treatment options include:
- Non-prescription pain relievers, such as acetaminophen
- Antibiotics—Cat-scratch fever usually clears up without treatment. If your doctor feels it is necessary, antibiotics can be prescribed to help prevent worsening infection or the spread of the infection to other parts of the body. This may be used especially if you are very ill or you have a weakened immune system.
- Lymph node drainage—If a lymph node is very swollen or very painful, your doctor may drain it to help it heal and to relieve pain. To do this, your doctor will put a needle into the swollen node. Fluid inside the node will drain out through the needle.
Prevention
To prevent cat scratch fever, take the following steps:
- The best prevention against cat scratch disease is to avoid being scratched or bitten by a cat or a dog.
- If you do get bitten or scratched, immediately wash the area with soap and water.
- Keep your pets free of fleas.
RESOURCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/
Winn Feline Foundation
http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/
CANADIAN RESOURCES
Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
http://www.canadianveterinarians.net/
Health Canada
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
References
Cat scratch disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/catscratch.htm
. Updated June 23, 2011. Accessed December 31, 2012.
Cat-scratch disease. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
. Updated October 25, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2012.
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