Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer

Cancer chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Unlike radiation and surgery, which are localized treatments, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, meaning the drugs travel throughout the whole body. This means chemotherapy can reach cancer cells that may have spread, or metastasized, to other areas. It also means that the chemotherapy will affect normal cells in various parts of the body as well, producing side effects that may be unpleasant.

Chemotherapy for bladder cancer may be delivered by mouth, through the vein (intravenously), or instilled directly into the bladder (intravesical chemotherapy). Chemotherapy may be given alone, or in addition to other treatments, such as surgery and/or radiation therapy .

Intravesical chemotherapy may be given to patients with superficial tumors that were removed through a transurethral procedure. This form of chemotherapy can then be used to kill any cancer cells that may remain. Oral and IV chemotherapy for bladder cancer is usually given to patients with higher grade, more invasive cancers. Patients who already have metastatic cancer may also be offered chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy Drugs Used for Bladder Cancer

The following chemotherapeutic agents may be given to treat bladder cancer:

Cisplatin
Doxorubicin
Gemcitabin
Methotrexate
Vinblastin

Chemotherapy drugs are often given in combinations. Your doctor will use information about your tumor grade and cancer stage to design an effective chemotherapy regimen for you.

Effectiveness

Chemotherapy may be used for metastatic bladder cancer; while chemotherapy won’t cure metastatic disease, it may help increase survival time. Tumors that don’t respond to chemotherapy may have a worse prognosis.

Side Effects and Possible Complications

In addition to the side effects of chemotherapy in general, chemotherapy to treat bladder cancer may cause the following side effects:

Bloody urine
Bladder irritation causing:
- Frequent need to urinate
- Urgent need to urinate
- Pain and/or burning with urination

References

Campell’s Urology. 8th ed. New York, NY: Elsevier Science; 2002: 2732-2765.

Casciato DA. Manual of Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.

Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2002: 633-634.

Conn’s Current Therapy. 54th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2002: 720-721.

What you need to know about bladder cancer. National Cancer Institute website. Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/bladder . Accessed December 2002.

Revision Information

Reviewer: Mohei Abouzied, MD
Review Date: 09/2012
Update Date: 00/92/2012

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.