Scurvy

Definition

Scurvy is a condition caused by an insufficient amount of vitamin C for a prolonged period of time. The condition causes weakness, anemia , and gingivitis . Scurvy is very rare in the United States and occurs most commonly in malnourished older adults and chronic alcoholics.

Gingivitis

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Causes

Scurvy is typically caused by a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables or foods fortified with vitamin C.

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.

The following factors increase your chance of developing scurvy:

• A poor diet, with little or no fruits and vegetables
• Little or no vitamin C in the diet
• Anorexia nervosa
• Alcoholism
• Poor dental hygiene
• Gastrointestinal diseases (eg, malabsorption , inflammatory bowel disease , dyspepsia , Whipple's disease )
• Chemotherapy
• A fad diet
• Self-imposed restrictive diets for weight loss or due to food allergies

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

• Weakness
• Paleness
• Sunken eyes
• Tender gums and/or tooth loss
• Muscular pain
• Reopening of old wounds or sores
• Internal bleeding
• Loss of appetite
• Bruising easily
• Weight loss; inability to gain weight
• Diarrhea
• Increased heart rate
• Fever
• Irritability
• Aching and swelling in joints
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

Scurvy can be diagnosed during a physical exam, based on an analysis of symptoms and diet. Your doctor may order a blood test to measure the level of vitamin C in the blood. To diagnose scurvy in infants and children, an x-ray may be done.

Treatment

The treatment for scurvy is simple and effective. To eliminate symptoms and make a full recovery, increase vitamin C intake to recommended levels. You can increase vitamin C levels by:

• Eating a diet rich in citrus fruits, other fruits, and vegetables
• Taking vitamin C supplements

Prevention

To help reduce your chances of getting scurvy, take the following steps:

• Eat a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
• Get a sufficient amount of vitamin C, through diet and/or supplements.

Revision Information

• Reviewer: Daus Mahnke, MD
• Review Date: 10/2012
• Update Date: 10/31/2012