Symptoms of Cold Sores (Herpes Simplex Type 1)

The first exposure to herpes simplex 1 virus may result in a blistering rash in the mouth and/or lips with a body-wide, flu-like illness. This first outbreak of cold sores is usually gone within 7-10 days, but it can last up to 20 days. The sores can also develop in other locations on the skin.

Blisters

The symptoms of the first outbreak are:

A blistering, painful rash of small ulcerations across the lips, gums, tongue, and the inside of the mouth. This is more common in children.
Pain and blistering on the soft roof of the mouth, tonsils, and throat, which is more common in adults.
Flu-like symptoms:
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Decreased energy
- Muscle aches and pains
- Swollen glands in the neck

After these initial symptoms, the virus may lie quietly in the nerves until it is reactivated. This may happen due to stress or illness. Direct sunlight, a weakened immune system, and menstruation can also trigger reactivation.

If reactivated, the virus will come out as a cold sore . A few days before the sore appears, you may notice some itching, burning, or pain in the area. Some people have outbreaks regularly. Some never have another symptom after the initial infection.

The symptoms of an active cold sore are:

Small, painful, fluid-filled, red-rimmed blisters
After a few days, the blisters dry and form a scab
Scabs heal in about five days, usually without scarring or loss of sensation

References

Herpes: Symptoms. American Academy of Family Physicians. Family Doctor website. Available at: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/herpes/symptoms.html. Updated December 2010. Accessed March 20, 2013.

Herpes labialis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php. Updated May 27, 2011. Accessed March 20, 2013.

Herpes simplex. DermNet NZ website. Available at: http://dermnetnz.org/viral/herpes-simplex.html. Updated February 6, 2013. Accessed March 20, 2013.

Kuehl B. Cold sores: how to prevent and treat them. Skin Care Guide website. Available at: http://www.skincareguide.ca/articles/herpes/to%5Fprevent%5Fcold%5Fsores.html. Accessed March 20, 2013.

Revision Information

Reviewer: Brian Randall, MD
Review Date: 02/2013
Update Date: 03/20/2013

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.